23 August
The Fourth World Festival of Youth and Students took place in Bucharest, Romania, in August 1953. It was
organised by the World Federation of Democratic Youth. A large stadium, named "23 August 1944" was built
especially for the festival, alongside a park and summer theatre. Delegates from 111 countries attended, and the
festival was focused on anti-colonial and anti-imperialist struggles, such as the Algerian and Vietnamese
liberation. Among the delegates, two young activists met and forged a life-long friendship: John La Rose, from
Trinidad, and Paul Joseph, from South Africa. What follows is an account of their journey and experience through
fiction, archival materials and audio recordings.
Nine years before, the trees of East Bucharest shuddered in the wind of rapid change. On 23 August 1944,
general Ion Antonescu, de facto leader of the country, and his government, were removed swiftly in a coup
d’état. Overnight, Romania switched sides from the Axis to the Allies during World War II. At ten o'clock at
night, radios across the country vibrated with the news of a new order. The trees witnessed silently as general
Antonescu, alongside other ministers, were taken to a conspiratorial house and held hostage for eight days
before being sent to trial in Moscow. The stout, unassuming house, was less than 500 m away from the site of the
future stadium. The general and his ministers left to meet their fate, but the house remained, and in memory of
those eight days, the brand new stadium was given its name. It carried the significance of a different future.
In the summer of 1953, tender saplings, standing tall in their freshly dug beds, watched over the giddy crowds
spilling over the avenue. Stalin had died earlier that year and change was bubbling over in the Soviet Bloc.
1000 km away, political prisoners were slowly being released from the Soviet gulag. Held breaths and tense
muscles were relaxing. A sense of unwinding after a long winter was in the air. The air vibrated with the
electricity of excited chatter. Like any other August day, that morning was sweltering hot. Droplets of sweat
forming and sliding down warm skin, behind starched collars. The light was so clear and bright, shining over the
stadium. Curious, hungry eyes engulfed the crowds, as the banners fluttered lightly in the breeze. “PACE SI
PRIETENIE”. Peace and friendship to all.
The air was saturated with voices, laughter and song. Among them, two young men chatting about music, sitting
on the steps of the summer theatre. John, 26, smiling brightly, talking about calypso, while Paul, 23, listened
while watching a group of young Romanians dancing perinita. The group turned faster and faster, circling around
the two in the centre. The air crackled. The capacious sound of steel drums reverberating in calypso rhythms
blended with the shrill violins of perinita. Next to them, two trade unionists engaged in an excited
conversation about the Algerian liberation movement: Brentnol Blackman, of the Guyanese delegation and Anthony
Kobina Woode, of the Ghanaian delegation. Just a year later, the Algerian decolonization war would start. From
this meeting of French and British colonialism, Anthony was taking notes, waiting for the wave of national
liberation movements to rise over the African continent and beyond. The men watched the dancers move faster and
faster in the rhythms of the perinita. They were told it means "little pillow" and the festival felt like
much-needed respite among the gruelling struggle they were facing. Lay your head on the pillow, my dear, and
watch the world change around you.